Planet Surface Temperature Calculator
Here’s a comprehensive table summarizing the average surface temperatures of various planets in our solar system, along with additional relevant details:
| Planet | Average Surface Temperature (°C) | Temperature Range (°C) | Atmosphere Composition | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mercury | 167 | -173 to 427 | Almost none; trace amounts of oxygen and sodium | Extreme temperature variations due to lack of atmosphere. |
| Venus | 464 | 462 to 465 | Mostly carbon dioxide (96.5%), nitrogen (3.5%) | Thick atmosphere creates a runaway greenhouse effect. |
| Earth | 15 | -88 to 58 | Nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), trace gases | Supports life; moderate climate. |
| Mars | -63 | -125 to 20 | Carbon dioxide (95.3%), nitrogen (2.7%) | Thin atmosphere; experiences seasonal temperature changes. |
| Jupiter | -108 | -145 to -108 | Hydrogen (90%), helium (10%), trace gases | No solid surface; temperatures increase with depth. |
| Saturn | -139 | -178 to -139 | Hydrogen (96%), helium (3%), trace gases | Similar to Jupiter; mostly gaseous. |
| Uranus | -197 | -224 to -197 | Hydrogen (83%), helium (15%), methane (2%) | Coldest planet; has an unusual tilt. |
| Neptune | -201 | -214 to -201 | Hydrogen (80%), helium (19%), methane (1.5%) | Strong winds and storms; also very cold. |
Key Takeaways:
- Mercury experiences extreme temperature swings due to its thin atmosphere.
- Venus has a very high average temperature because of its thick, heat-trapping atmosphere.
- Earth has a moderate temperature that supports diverse life forms.
- Mars is much colder and has a very thin atmosphere, leading to significant temperature drops at night.
- Gas Giants (Jupiter, Saturn) have very low temperatures and do not have solid surfaces, making their surface temperatures harder to define.
- Uranus and Neptune are the coldest planets in the solar system, with Uranus having a unique axial tilt affecting its climate.