| Pipe Diameter | Smaller pipe diameters increase friction and resistance, leading to higher pressure drops. |
| Pipe Length | Longer pipes cause more friction loss over distance, increasing pressure drop. |
| Air Flow Rate | Higher flow rates result in greater friction and turbulence, causing higher pressure drops. |
| Pipe Material | Rougher materials (e.g., galvanized steel) create more friction compared to smoother materials (e.g., copper or plastic). |
| Fittings and Valves | Each fitting, bend, and valve adds resistance and contributes to the overall pressure drop. |
| Air Temperature | Higher temperatures reduce air density, increasing flow rate and causing more significant pressure drops. |
| Air Humidity | Humid air is less dense than dry air, potentially leading to higher flow rates and pressure drops. |
| Filter and Dryer Conditions | Clogged or poorly maintained filters and dryers increase resistance and pressure drop. |
| Compressor Outlet Pressure | Higher initial pressure can help offset pressure drops but may require more power from the compressor. |
| Leakage in System | Leaks reduce effective pressure and cause unnecessary pressure drops. |
| Pressure Gauge Accuracy | Inaccurate gauges can lead to misreading pressure drops, affecting system performance assessment. |
| System Design | Poorly designed systems with unnecessary loops or excessively long runs contribute to higher pressure drops. |
| Operating Conditions | Variations in demand and operating conditions (start/stop cycles, peak loads) impact pressure stability and drop. |
| Maintenance Practices | Regular maintenance of the entire system, including pipes, fittings, and equipment, ensures minimal pressure drop. |