5G Link Budget Calculator
Link Budget: –
Here’s a comprehensive table summarizing the key components of a 5G link budget:
| Component | Description | Typical Value |
|---|---|---|
| Transmitter Power (P_TX) | Power output from the transmitter | Varies by device |
| Transmitter Antenna Gain (G_TX) | Gain of the transmitting antenna | 8 to 12 dBi |
| Receiver Antenna Gain (G_RX) | Gain of the receiving antenna | 8 to 12 dBi |
| Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) | Loss due to signal travel distance | Calculated based on distance and frequency |
| Cable Loss | Loss in cables connecting transmitter/receiver | 1-3 dB |
| Miscellaneous Losses | Other unpredictable system losses | 1-5 dB |
| Received Signal Strength (RSS) | Signal strength at the receiving end | Depends on system and path conditions |
| Receiver Sensitivity | Minimum signal level for proper reception | Varies by technology |
The 5G link budget is calculated using the following equation13:P_RX = P_TX + G_TX – L_FS – L_M + G_RXWhere:
- P_RX is the received power
- P_TX is the transmitted power
- G_TX is the transmitter antenna gain
- L_FS is the free space path loss
- L_M represents miscellaneous losses
- G_RX is the receiver antenna gain
Key factors specific to 5G link budgets include4:
- Higher frequencies (millimeter wave) leading to shorter distances
- 3D propagation models for more accurate path loss calculations
- Additional losses such as body block loss, tree fading, and rain attenuation
The link budget is crucial for:
- Network planning and coverage optimization
- Determining the number of base stations needed
- Estimating deployment costs and efforts
- Ensuring reliable communication at cell edges
When calculating a 5G link budget, it’s important to consider factors like urban vs. rural environments, indoor vs. outdoor scenarios, and specific frequency bands being used5. The results of the link budget analysis help determine cell radius and overall network design to meet coverage and capacity requirements.